托福綜合寫作必備三步走攻略，助力拿高分！

今年的你立下新的flag沒(méi)有？歷經(jīng)改革的托福閱讀、口語(yǔ)、聽(tīng)力都有變動(dòng)，唯有寫作不動(dòng)如鐘。所以不用擔(dān)心之前的練習(xí)打折扣，那么問(wèn)題來(lái)了，寫作這種題型提分難怎么辦？Don't worry，我們今天手把手教你提分！

一、寫作分類

托福寫作分兩部分——獨(dú)立寫作和綜合寫作。

獨(dú)立寫作難度較小，題型一般有三種：

二選一

這是獨(dú)立作文最常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題類型。一個(gè)話題的兩個(gè)方面，需要你選擇一方并給出支持它的原因和示例。

論證二者優(yōu)劣

與第一種不同的是，這一類型的題目不需要你做出選擇，只需討論二者的優(yōu)劣，提供示例做出論述。

多選

這個(gè)類別相比上面兩類較少見(jiàn)到。提供一個(gè)廣泛的主題，包含很多可能或意見(jiàn)，需要你表明立場(chǎng)。

綜合寫作

綜合寫作難度較大，包含閱讀、聽(tīng)力和寫作的綜合考量。作文沒(méi)有固定的主題范圍，但好在寫作要求都很相似。一般會(huì)要求考生總結(jié)講座中的要點(diǎn)，并與閱讀部分進(jìn)行對(duì)比。在這一環(huán)節(jié)，一定要注意不要討論自己的觀點(diǎn)，而是要從講座和閱讀中獲取和轉(zhuǎn)述信息。

綜合寫作需要對(duì)閱讀要點(diǎn)和聽(tīng)力材料做好筆記。針對(duì)記錄的要點(diǎn)，對(duì)比閱讀和聽(tīng)力的關(guān)系，組織文章的思路。

使用特定的表述。在綜合部分一定注意不要將聽(tīng)力材料或閱讀原文復(fù)制到你的文章中，而是要重新組織語(yǔ)言，用自己的話表達(dá)材料的主要觀點(diǎn)（不要強(qiáng)行畫蛇添足）。

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二、寫作技巧

綜合寫作的技巧如下

邊看邊記

托福在這一部分，閱讀一篇250到300個(gè)單詞的學(xué)術(shù)文章，并在短時(shí)間內(nèi)對(duì)閱讀段落的要點(diǎn)做筆記。下面是閱讀段落時(shí)應(yīng)該記住的關(guān)鍵信息。

例：

It is common knowledge that forecasting is an attempt by meteorologists to determine what weather will be like in the future. Hindcasting is the opposite of forecasting, an attempt to determine what weather was like in the past. Meteorologists wish that records of weather had been kept in full for at least a few millennia, but it has been only in the last century that detailed records of the weather have been kept. Thus, meteorologists need to hindcast the weather, and they do so by using all sorts of information from other fields as diverse as archeology, botany, geology, literature, and art. These pieces of information from other fields that are used as a basis for drawing conclusions about what the weather must have been like at some point in the past are called proxies.

閱讀時(shí)對(duì)主題和要點(diǎn)做筆記：

Topic of Listening Passage: hindcasting (trying to determine what weather was like in the past)

Main points about hindcasting:detailed weather records kept for less than a century

proxies (information from various other fields) used to hindcast   weather

邊聽(tīng)邊記

這一部分會(huì)聽(tīng)一篇1到2分鐘學(xué)術(shù)文章，在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中對(duì)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行記錄。

例：

(professor): Now let me talk about how hindcasting was used in one particular situation. This situation has to do with the weather in seventeenth-century Holland. It appears, from proxies in paintings from the time by numerous artists, that the weather in Holland in the seventeenth century was much colder than it is today. Seventeenth-century paintings show really cold winter landscapes with huge snow drifts and ice skaters skating on frozen canals. Since it's unusual today for snow to drift as high as it is in the paintings and for the canals to freeze over so that skaters can skate across them as they are in the paintings, these paintings appear to serve as proxies that demonstrate that the weather when the paintings were created in the seventeenth century was much colder than it is today.    

筆記：
Topic of Listening Passage: paintings that are proxies showing weather in 17th-century Holland colder than today

Details: in 17th-century paintings showing colder weather :

- huge snow drifts higher than today's drifts
- on canals that are not frozen today

寫作前規(guī)劃

拿到一個(gè)作文題目記得進(jìn)行頭腦風(fēng)暴：能寫些什么？對(duì)這個(gè)話題有什么看法？有哪些個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)？有沒(méi)有了解的專業(yè)知識(shí)或者新聞？

例：

Question：

How does the information in the listening passage about the weather in seventeenth-century Holland shed light on the information on hindcasting in the reading passage?

Reading Passage = A technique used by meteorologists

 Topic Of Reading Passage: hindcasting (trying to determine what weather wae like in the past)

  Main points about hindcasting:

- detailed weather records kept for less than a century
- proxies (information from various other fields) used to hindcast weather Listening Passage = An example of the technique 

 Topic of Listening Passage: paintings that are proxies showing weather in 17th-century Holland colder than today

Details in 17th-century paintings showing colder weather:

- huge snow drifts higher than today's drifts

- skaters on canals that are not frozen today

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主題陳述

Look at this information from the integrated writing task on hindcasting and the weather in seventeenth-century Holland.

Reading Passage = a technique used by meteorologists

Topic of listening passage:hindcasting (trying to determine what weather was like in the past)

Listening Passage = an example of the technique

Topic of listening passage: paintings that are proxies showing weather in 17th-century Holland colder than today

段落輔助

在開(kāi)始寫作之前先研究筆記，在寫的時(shí)候要考慮段落輔助，去介紹每一段的中心思想，并且有足夠的細(xì)節(jié)去支撐中心的成立。

Topic of listening passage: hindcasting (trying to determine what weather was like in the past) 

main points about hindcasting:

detailed weather records kept for less than a century

proxies (information from various other fields) used to hindcast weather

The reading passage discusses the technique of hindcasting, which is a method used by meteorologists to try to determine what the weather matchwas like in the past. One point that is made about this meteorological metho is that detailedmatch weather records have not been kept for long. As a result, meteorologists have had to find another way to determine what the weather was like in the past. They developed a method of hindcasting using proxies, which are pieces of information from other fields.

分類練習(xí)

ETS發(fā)布的作文主題就足夠練習(xí)，不需額外找題目做。對(duì)于官方給出的作文題目合集，小伙伴們可以按照文章類別、題目類型等方式分類練習(xí)。

寫作時(shí)最怕跑題，如果材料中有不熟悉的單詞，盡量通過(guò)上下文猜測(cè)含義，而不是寫一些與主題無(wú)關(guān)的句子，擦邊球會(huì)降低你的分?jǐn)?shù)。隔一段時(shí)間重寫某一主題，能夠更好的分析出進(jìn)步和不足，強(qiáng)化練習(xí)。

檢查細(xì)節(jié)

最最后，我們想說(shuō)的是，即使是母語(yǔ)為英語(yǔ)的人，寫一篇文章也會(huì)無(wú)可避免的出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，更何況是用電腦輸入的我們。所以在保存之前檢查語(yǔ)法和單詞是對(duì)高分最后的掙扎，細(xì)節(jié)就是分?jǐn)?shù)！如果能給其他人——尤其是母語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)的朋友來(lái)看你的文章，除了修正你忽視的錯(cuò)誤，能夠?qū)W到更高級(jí)和地道的表達(dá)也是很賺了。

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>>想試試以自己的水平能申請(qǐng)到什么層次的大學(xué)？可以使用下面的留學(xué)志愿參考系統(tǒng)一鍵定位。

使用方法：把你的GPA、雅思成績(jī)、專業(yè)名稱、院校背景（211/985/雙非）等信息輸入到留學(xué)志愿參考系統(tǒng)中，系統(tǒng)會(huì)自動(dòng)從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中匹配出與你情況相似的同學(xué)案例，看看他們成功申請(qǐng)到了哪些名校，這樣子就可以對(duì)自己進(jìn)行精準(zhǔn)的定位了。

留學(xué)規(guī)劃和留學(xué)申請(qǐng)是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)期工程，不能片面聽(tīng)取網(wǎng)友的交流，更不能輕信留學(xué)中介的說(shuō)辭（快速查詢留學(xué)中介口碑）。留學(xué)監(jiān)理網(wǎng)由有20多年國(guó)際教育行業(yè)管理和服務(wù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的前教育部官員胡本未老師創(chuàng)立，得到新華社和央視網(wǎng)的高度評(píng)價(jià)。留學(xué)監(jiān)理網(wǎng)免費(fèi)為學(xué)生提供留學(xué)咨詢規(guī)劃建議、推薦靠譜的留學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)、審核留學(xué)方案和中介服務(wù)協(xié)議，受學(xué)生委托提供監(jiān)理服務(wù)、督辦留學(xué)中介的服務(wù)過(guò)程并“先行賠付”。

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