托?？荚嚲C合寫作模擬題及范文解析

托福考試寫作題目的綜合寫作部分以閱讀和聽力材料為基礎(chǔ)，考生首先需要閱讀一篇學(xué)術(shù)演講，閱讀的時(shí)間是3分鐘。然后文章隱去，這時(shí)考生需要聽一段大約為1分半鐘的演講。但是考生在寫作文時(shí)可以看到在放聽力材料時(shí)隱去的閱讀材料。考生在聽錄音的過程中可以做筆記來幫助答題。此外，考生有20分鐘的時(shí)間來總結(jié)聽力材料中的要點(diǎn)，并解釋這些要點(diǎn)與閱讀材料中的要求有何不同。通常有效的回答應(yīng)是一篇175至225個(gè)單詞的作文，推薦寫250-275字。

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Reading

A recent study reveals that people especially young people are reading far less literature—novels, plays, and poems—than they used to. This is troubling because the trend has unfortunate effects for the reading public, for culture in general, and for the future of literature itself.

While there has been a decline in book reading generally, the decline has been especially sharp for literature. This is unfortunate because nothing else provides the intellectual stimulation that literature does. Literature encourages us to exercise our imaginations, empathize with others, and expand our understanding of language. So by reading less literature, the reading public is missing out on important benefits.

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Unfortunately, missing out on the benefits of literature is not the only problem. What are people reading instead? Consider the prevalence of self‐help books on lists of best sellers. These are usually superficial poorly written, and intellectually undemanding. Additionally, instead of sitting down with a challenging novel, many persons are now more likely to turn on the television, watch a music video, or read a Web page. Clearly, diverting time previously spent in reading literature to trivial forms of entertainment has lowered the level of culture in general.

The trend of reading less literature is all the more regrettable because it is taking place during a period when good literature is being written. There are many talented writers today, but they lack an audience. This fact is bound to lead publishers to invest less in literature and so support fewer serious writers. Thus, the writing as well as the reading of literature is likely to decline because of the poor standards of today's readers.

托福綜合寫作模擬題聽力音頻.mp3

附聽力文本：

Listening

Professor:

It is often said that people are reading less literature today than they used to. What should of this?

Well first, a book doesn't have to be literature to be intellectually stimulating. Science writing history, political analysis and so forth aren't literature perhaps, but they are often of high quality and these kinds of books can be just as creative and well‐written as a novel or a play They can stimulate the imagination. So don't assume that someone who isn't reading literature isn’t reading a good book.

But let's say that people aren't just spending less time with literature, they are also spending less time with books in general. Does that mean that the culture is in decline? No, there's plenty of culturally valuable material that isn't written ‐ music and movies, for example. Are people wasting their time when they listen to a brilliant song or watch a good movie? Do these non‐literary activities lower cultural standards? Of course not. Culture has changed. In today's culture, there are many forms of expression available other than novels and poems. And some of these creative forms speak more directly to contemporary concerns than literature does.

Finally, it's probably true that there's less support for literature today than in earlier generations. But don't be too quick to blame the readers. Sometimes it's the author's faults. Let's be honest. A lot of modern literature is intended to be difficult to understand. Here is not much reason to suppose that earlier generations of readers would have read a lot of today's literature either.

題目解析：

閱讀聽力要點(diǎn)概括

Reading Passage

Main points: Reading less among young people has unfortunate effects.

Sub point 1: Decline sharp for literature cause missing out on important benefits.

Sub point 2: Diverting time has lowered the level of culture.

Sub point 3: Writing is likely to decline since poor standards of readers.

Lecture

Attitude: Why?

Sub Point 1:Doesn't have to be literature to be intellectually stimulating. (History, Political, creative, imagination.)

Sub Point 2: Less time with book does not mean culture is in decline. (Music and movies, more directly.)

Sub Point 3: Writers write modern literature difficult to understand.

范文逐段賞析

Paragraph 1

The lecturer raises several arguments to counter the reading passage’s strong criticism of the public's declining interest in literature.

此段功能：

(Listening passage 后文提到用L 代替)

(Reading passage 后文用R 代替)

以L 的觀點(diǎn)為主要觀點(diǎn)，作者寫出：L 做了好幾個(gè)針對(duì)R 關(guān)于公眾對(duì)于文學(xué)興趣下降的批評(píng)的反駁。

此段結(jié)構(gòu)：

由一句話確認(rèn)邏輯為反并且總結(jié)了R 的觀點(diǎn)，非常簡(jiǎn)潔的為論述做好了鋪墊。

Paragraph 2

The lecturer argues that literature is only one among many genres from which the public can benefit intellectually. The public also benefits from reading works of science fiction and historical novels, among others genres. Therefore, the reading passage is wrong to claim that the public is suffering great losses by not reading literature.

此段功能：

作者其實(shí)是先表示L 準(zhǔn)備反駁R 的第一論點(diǎn)，R 認(rèn)為文文學(xué)著作是社會(huì)中唯一一種可以獲得智慧收益的種類。L 說其實(shí)民眾讀科幻，歷史小說或者別的種類也能收益。所以，R 聲明的民眾不讀文學(xué)就會(huì)有損失是完全錯(cuò)誤的。

此段結(jié)構(gòu)：

此段為分總結(jié)構(gòu)。起手先表示L 反對(duì)R 的第一點(diǎn)，并詳細(xì)補(bǔ)充了第一點(diǎn)。經(jīng)過一番舉反例后，達(dá)到了證明R 是錯(cuò)誤的目的。

Paragraph 3

Furthermore, the lecturer explains that even if it is true that the public is reading fewer books and watching more television and films instead, this does not necessarily mean that culture is in decline. Television and film are simply modern forms of cultural expression that are also intellectually stimulating and directly relevant to contemporary life.

此段功能：

在第二點(diǎn)的論證上。L 解釋就算公眾現(xiàn)在讀書少了，看的電視電影更多了，也并一定意味著文化的退化。電視和電影就是一種現(xiàn)代文化的表現(xiàn)形式也能增加收益并且和生活息息相關(guān)。

此段結(jié)構(gòu)：

此段為分總結(jié)構(gòu)。以L 開頭，在if 后面總結(jié)了R 的觀點(diǎn)，然后說L 對(duì)其不同意，最后一句總結(jié)了L 的意見。

Paragraph 4

Finally, the lecturer admits a decline in audience and support of literature in today’s society, but she attributes it to the authors themselves. She says they have alienated themselves from the reading public by using overly complex language, structure, and content. The reading, in contrast, blames the lowered standards of the public for the declining interest in reading great works of literature.

此段功能：

在最后一點(diǎn)里，L 先承認(rèn)讀者數(shù)量的下降但是他覺得這應(yīng)該歸咎于作者。L 認(rèn)為作家們使用了過度復(fù)雜的語言和內(nèi)容，把自己和大眾讀者疏遠(yuǎn)了。R 卻把責(zé)任歸咎于讀者素質(zhì)的降低。

此段結(jié)構(gòu)：

此段為分分結(jié)構(gòu)。L部分承認(rèn)了R 所說的事實(shí)，但是對(duì)于造成事實(shí)各執(zhí)一詞，不過對(duì)比起來L顯然更合理，R中歸咎讀者的目的顯然達(dá)不到。

范文全篇總評(píng)

1、 邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)

全文遵從總分結(jié)構(gòu)，起頭段直接告訴大家L 不同意R，準(zhǔn)備從幾點(diǎn)開始對(duì)R 的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行反駁。在接下來的論段中，L 分別補(bǔ)充了證據(jù)，或者對(duì)證據(jù)作出新詮釋，達(dá)成了反對(duì)R 觀點(diǎn)的目的。

2、語言表達(dá)

文中啟用了一些精彩的詞匯，其中可以借鑒的詞句有：

Genres：類型，流派 /Category/Variety/ His favorite genre of music is Rock.

Stimulating: 刺激的 /Encourage/Inspiring/ It is a stimulating job outside the school.

Attributes:把….歸于 /Ascribe/ Success can be attributes to hard work and a little good luck.

Alienate: 使疏遠(yuǎn) /Estrange/ The policy alienate the rich more from the poor.

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