物理學專題：汽車與飛機外形構(gòu)造的流體物理學原理及設(shè)計方法研究

專業(yè)：自然科學

項目類型：國外小組科研

開始時間：2024年09月28日

是否可加論文：是

項目周期：7周在線小組科研學習+5周不限時論文指導學習

語言：英文

有無剩余名額：名額充足

建議學生年級：大學生 高中生

是否必需面試：否

適合專業(yè)：工程學結(jié)構(gòu)工程工程物理物理學車輛工程流體力學航空與航天工程結(jié)構(gòu)力學

地點：無

建議選修：機械工程與流體力學

建議具備的基礎(chǔ)：物理學、工程物理、機械工程、車輛工程、生物工程、航空航天工程、海洋工程等工程類等專業(yè)或希望修讀相關(guān)專業(yè)的學生； 學生需要具備扎實的物理與數(shù)學基礎(chǔ)。

產(chǎn)出：7周在線小組科研學習+5周不限時論文指導學習 共125課時 項目報告 優(yōu)秀學員獲主導師Reference Letter EI/CPCI/Scopus/ProQuest/Crossref/EBSCO或同等級別索引國際會議全文投遞與發(fā)表指導（可用于申請） 結(jié)業(yè)證書 成績單

項目背景：飛機為什么會飛？其中的原理相信很多人都有聽說過，由于機翼上表面的彎度大于下表面的彎度，上表面氣流的流速整體上要高于下表面的氣流速度，根據(jù)伯努利理論，機翼上下表面就會產(chǎn)生一個壓力差，提供向上飛機的升力。同時，車頭造型的設(shè)計中涉及到的流體力學因素眾多，比如車頭的邊角、車頭的形狀及高度等，人們發(fā)明了流線型汽車。本項目則將主要探討流體物理學在飛機與汽車車身設(shè)計中的應用，明確流體物理學對汽車與飛機外形構(gòu)造發(fā)揮出的重要作用，能夠讓汽車與飛機造型的構(gòu)造更加合理，保證合理協(xié)調(diào)空氣及車輛之間的相互作用力，為汽車與飛機的行進便利創(chuàng)造條件。Why does the plane fly? The principle is believed that many people have heard that because the curvature of the upper surface of the wing is greater than the curvature of the lower surface, the flow velocity of the upper surface is generally higher than the flow velocity of the lower surface. According to Bernoulli's theory, there will be a pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the wing to provide the lift of the upward aircraft. At the same time, many hydrodynamic factors are involved in the design of the head shape, such as the corner of the head, the shape and height of the head, etc. People invented a streamlined car. This project will mainly discuss the application of fluid physics in the design of aircraft and automobile body, and clarify the important role that fluid physics plays in the shape and structure of automobile and aircraft, which can make the structure of automobile and aircraft shape more reasonable, ensure the reasonable coordination of air and the interaction between vehicles, and create conditions for the convenience of automobile and aircraft.

項目介紹：流體的運動存在于人類活動的方方面面，從生理流動到飛機和汽車，工程師必須學會預測流體的行為，以設(shè)計設(shè)備和系統(tǒng)來處理和操縱流動。本項目將以汽車、飛機為例，探究流體物理學在工程中應用。從流體的特性入手，分析流體的速度、流量、壓力、流體靜力學知識，從伯努利方程入手分析車輛與飛機的運動阻力與升力。本項目重點還原了飛機、汽車的翼型設(shè)計過程中流體物理學所占有的重要地位。學生將在導師的指導下以科學的方法記錄并且分析研究結(jié)果，在項目結(jié)束時提交項目報告，進行成果展示。
個性化研究課題參考：
航天飛機跨聲速機翼繞流氣動特性分析
流體力學指引下的汽車空氣阻力探究及車型設(shè)計原理
氣固流化床內(nèi)兩相流動特性的數(shù)值模擬及結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計
流體力學補償標準伽遼金有限元及其在建筑風場中的應用
The motion of fluids exists in every aspect of human activity, from physiological flows to airplanes and automobiles, and engineers must learn to predict the behavior of fluids in order to design devices and systems to handle and manipulate the flow. This project will take automobiles and airplanes as examples to explore the application of fluid physics in engineering. Starting from the characteristics of the fluid, the velocity, flow, pressure, and hydrostatic knowledge of the fluid are analyzed, and the motion resistance and lift of vehicles and aircraft are analyzed from the Bernoulli equation. This project focuses on restoring the important position of fluid physics in the airfoil design process of aircraft and automobiles. Under the guidance of the instructor, students will record and analyze the research results in a scientific way, submit a project report at the end of the project, and display the results.
Suggested Future Research Fields:
Analysis of aerodynamic characteristics of space shuttle transonic wing flow around
Research on automobile air resistance and car model design principles under the guidance of fluid mechanics
Numerical simulation and structural optimization design of two-phase flow characteristics in a gas-solid fluidized bed
Galerkin finite element standard for fluid mechanics compensation and its application in building wind farms

項目大綱：流體特性、單位和尺寸 Fluid Properties, Units and dimensions 流體流量、壓力、流體靜力學 Fluid flow rate, pressure, hydrostatics 伯努利方程、壓力與速度、阻力、升力 Bernoulli’s Equation, Pressure vs speed, Drag forces, Lift Forces 空氣動力學、翼型、汽車流體動力學、飛機設(shè)計 Aerodynamics, Airfoils, Car hydrodynamics, Airplane Design 項目回顧與成果展示 Program review and presentation 論文輔導 Project deliverable tutoring